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QinDynastywasthefirstunified,multi-nationalandpower-centralizedstateintheChinesehistory.ItlastedfromBCtoBC.Althoughsurvivingonly15years,thedynastyheldanimportantroleinChinesehistoryanditexertedgreatinfluenceonthefollowingdynasties.Onlytwoemperors,Yingzheng-EmperorQinShiHuang,thefirstemperorintheChinesehistory,andhissonHuHaieverruledthestate,whichwasfinallyoverthrownbythepeoplesuprising.

History

DuringthelateWarringStatesPeriod(BC-BC),thestateofQinwasinitsfulldevelopment.WhenYingzhengwasinhisreign,hedefeatedtheothersixstates(Han,Zhao,Wei,Yan,ChuandQi),fromBCtoBC.Soendingthechaoscausedbywarsamongvassalsthathadlastedoveryears.HeestablishedaunifiedandcentralizedcountryanddeclaredXianyang,inShaanxiProvince,thecapitalcityoftheQin.

AseriesofeffectivemeasureshasbeentakenduringthereignofYingzheng.Hecontributedmuchtothedevelopmentofhiscountry.However,duringthelateperiodofhisreign,hewascruelandoppressivetohispeople,andcauseddissatisfaction.Afterhedied,HuHaisucceededhim.However,hewassofatuousthatcausedtheuprisingledbypeasants,ChenShengandWuGuang.LatertheinsurgencywasledbyXiangYuandLiuBang.InBC,XiangYusarmydefeatedtheArmyofQinandLiuBangsweptintothecapitalwhichfinallyendedtheQinDynasty.

AttheendoftheQinDynastyinBC,warbrokeoutbetweenLiubangandXiangYu.ItwasknownastheChu-Hanwar,anditlastedforfouryears,endingwiththevictoryofLiuBang,wholaterestablishedtheWesternHanDynasty.

MeasuresTakenbyEmperorQin

TostrengthentheunityofthenationtoperpetuatetheQinDynasty,EmperorQincarriedoutmanyreformsinpolitics,economy,militaryaffairs,andculture.

Inpolitics,hedeclaredhimselftheEmperorofthestate.Allmajorpowersincludingpolitics,economy,militaryaffairswereinhishand.Executiveorganizationsbothinthecentralandlocalplacesweresystematicallyreorganizedandlocalcountieswererestructured.

Inhiseconomy,hestandardizedweightsandmeasuresandhestipulatedthattheroundcoinwithsquarehole(BanLiangCoin)shouldbethecoinusedinthecountry.

InAddition,hestandardizedthewrittencharacter,makingtheQinzhuanthestandardfont.Healsoplacedgreatimportanceoninfrastructure:irrigationworksandroadbuildingprojects.Themiracleoftheworld,theGreatWallofChina,wasbuiltunderhisorder.AllthatheachievedhadpromotedthedevelopmentofQinseconomy.

EmperorQinShiHuangwasatyrantdespitehiscontributionstothecountry.Topreventhispeopletothinkfreely,heburntmanybookswhichhefearedwouldaffectpeoplesthinking.Worse,inhissecondyear,afterhelearntsomescholarsdiscussionsabouthisarrogance,heburiedofthemalive.Inhistory,thesetwoeventsarecalledToBurntheBooksandBurytheScholarsAlive.Andyet,atthesametime,heorderedtobuildluxuriouspalaces,theGreatWall,thefamousTerra-CottaWarriorsandHorses,togetherwithhisownmausoleum,byimposingonthemasses,throughhardlabor,heavytaxes,andrigorouslawandmilitaryservice,givingthe